THE RUSSO-CHINESE AGREEMENT ON THE ILI (GHULJA) QUESTION
- Authors
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Sobirov Sardorbek Abdusattor ugli
Senior Lecturer of the Department of World History Andijan State University
Author
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- Keywords:
- Artificial intelligence, personalized learning, philology students, higher education, AI-assisted language learning, learner autonomy, academic integrity
- Abstract
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This article analyzes the diplomatic negotiations conducted between the Russian Empire and the Qing Empire over the Ili (Ghulja) Question during the 1870s and 1880s. The study examines the factors behind the emergence of the Ili Question, the political situation in Eastern Turkestan, the occupation of Ili by the Russian Empire in 1871, and the stages in the development of diplomatic relations between the two states. In addition, the content and significance of the Treaty of Livadia and the Treaty of Saint Petersburg, as well as their role in resolving the Ili Question, are analyzed. The research demonstrates that the Ili Question was not merely a territorial dispute, but an important component of the clash of international relations and geopolitical interests in the late nineteenth century. The study employed the methods of historicism, objectivity, comparative analysis, and a systematic approach.
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- Published
- 2026-05-31
- Issue
- Vol. 2 No. 5 (2026)
- Section
- Articles
- License
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
