CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANGIOGENESIS FACTORS AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN DIABETIC FOOT SYNDROME

Authors

  • Rakhmonov Nodir Nuritdinovich

    Independent Researcher, Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan

    Author

  • Ruzimurodov Nodirjon Fazliddinovich

    Deputy Director, Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Medical Sciences (DSc)

    Author

  • Azizova Zukhra Shukhratovna

    Senior Researcher, Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics, Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Sciences (PhD) Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan

    Author

  • Nazirkulov Olimjan Maxmudjonov

    Junior Researcher, Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan

    Author

Keywords:
Diabetic foot syndrome; type 2 diabetes mellitus; cytokines; immunity; immune imbalance; angiogenesis; endothelial dysfunction.
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and immunological characteristics of angiogenesis factors, tissue repair markers, and endothelial dysfunction in patients with diabetic foot syndrome associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods: The study included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic foot syndrome, as well as apparently healthy controls matched by age and sex. Serum concentrations of VEGF-A, IGF-1, TGF-β1, and sVCAM-1 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric methods.
Results: Patients with diabetic foot syndrome demonstrated a more severe clinical profile characterized by a higher prevalence of obesity, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetic polyneuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and macroangiopathy. Immunological analysis revealed decreased serum levels of VEGF-A and IGF-1 together with elevated TGF-β1 and sVCAM-1 levels. These changes were most pronounced in patients with diabetic foot syndrome and reflected impaired angiogenesis, reduced tissue reparative capacity, endothelial activation, vascular inflammation, and tissue remodeling.
Conclusion: Diabetic foot syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a combined clinical and immunological profile characterized by suppression of angiogenesis, reduced reparative potential, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic vascular inflammation. Comprehensive assessment of VEGF-A, IGF-1, TGF-β1, and sVCAM-1 may be useful for early identification of patients at high risk for diabetic foot complications.

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Published
2026-05-20
Issue
Vol. 2 No. 5 (2026)
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Articles
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CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANGIOGENESIS FACTORS AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN DIABETIC FOOT SYNDROME. (2026). Eureka Journal of Health Sciences & Medical Innovation, 2(5), 320-333. https://eurekaoa.com/index.php/5/article/view/1048