PHARMACOGENETICS AS A TOOL IN PERSONALIZED MEDICINE: FROM GENOTYPE TO THERAPY SELECTION
Keywords:
Pharmacogenetics; personalized medicine; pharmacogenomics; genetic polymorphisms; CYP2C19; CYP2D6; VKORC1; drug metabolism; pharmacotherapy; precision medicine; adverse drug reactions; individualized therapy; pharmacogenetic testing; drug response.Abstract
Pharmacogenetics is an important component of personalized medicine that enables the individualization of pharmacotherapy based on patients’ genetic characteristics. Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes, transport proteins, and receptor structures can significantly affect the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic efficacy, and safety of medications. This study presents an analytical review of contemporary scientific literature examining the clinical significance of pharmacogenetic variability and its application in individualized drug selection and dosage optimization. Particular attention is given to clinically relevant polymorphisms in the CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and VKORC1 genes and their association with variability in response to clopidogrel, codeine, and warfarin therapy.
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