VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) AND NEOPTERIN LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH STEROID-SENSITIVE AND STEROID-RESISTANT NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

• Mukhammadieva M. I.

  Asia International University, Bukhara

  Author

Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common glomerular disorders in children, with a global incidence ranging from 1.15 to 16.9 cases per 100,000. In Bukhara, the prevalence is approximately 6 per 100,000 population, with a male predominance (1.5–2:1). The condition is clinically characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and a relapsing course.
Histopathologically, nephrotic syndrome includes minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis as the principal subtypes. These entities differ significantly in their response to corticosteroid therapy: minimal change disease is typically steroid-sensitive, whereas focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is often steroid-resistant. Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome is defined by complete remission within four weeks of standard corticosteroid therapy, while failure to achieve remission within this period indicates steroid resistance.
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome is associated with a more severe clinical trajectory, including a higher risk of progression to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure, significantly impairing the physical and psychosocial well-being of affected children. Recurrent relapses and hospitalizations further contribute to a substantial economic burden.

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