CONTEMPORARY DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES TO CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS IN CHILDREN

• Sheraliyeva R. M

  Student of the Faculty of General Medicine, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

  Author

• Alisherova M. A

  Assistant of the Department of Medical Radiology, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

  Author

Congenital heart defects are among the most common congenital cardiac anomalies observed in newborns and children. Their development is influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Modern studies enable early detection of these defects through prenatal diagnostics and fetal echocardiography, which plays a crucial role in determining appropriate treatment strategies. Genetic and epigenetic research has demonstrated the impact of mechanisms such as chromosomal copy number variations, gene mutations, and DNA methylation on the development of congenital heart defects. Additionally, environmental factors—including maternal hypertension and exposure to heavy metals or pollution—also increase the risk. Clinical diagnosis is carried out using electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, pulse oximetry, and genetic testing, allowing for the development of individualized treatment plans for each patient. Furthermore, studies also examine the effects of these conditions on growth, development, and quality of life in affected children.

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