TISSUE-SPECIFIC RECOVERY OF PHENOLICS IN CLINACANTHUS NUTANS UNDER PRESSURIZED HOT WATER EXTRACTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEAVES VERSUS STEMS

• Mustafa khalid abduljabbar

  University of Fallujah, College of Education, Department of Life Sciences

  Author

• Hajar Falih Hishan Aldali

  University of Fallujah, College of applied science, Department of biotechnology

  Author

• Ahlam Zakir Mahmoud

  University of Fallujah, College of applied science, Department of biotechnology

  Author

Background: Clinacanthus nutans is recognized for extracts rich in phenolics and flavonoids, exhibiting noteworthy antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Under pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE)—a green, water-only technique—both extraction settings and the specific plant tissue significantly influence the yield and integrity of these phytochemicals.
Methods: We executed a head-to-head comparison of leaves and stems under unified PHWE screening parameters: 120 °C, 20 min, 2 g of sample in 50 mL of water, with a particle size of <63 μm. Measured outcomes included Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and DPPH radical-scavenging activity. We further assessed the robustness of the extraction across varying solvent-to-solid ratios and sample-mass ranges while maintaining constant temperature and time to ensure the reliability of the tissue-specific findings.

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