TISSUE-SPECIFIC RECOVERY OF PHENOLICS IN CLINACANTHUS NUTANS UNDER PRESSURIZED HOT WATER EXTRACTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEAVES VERSUS STEMS

Authors

  • Mustafa khalid abduljabbar University of Fallujah, College of Education, Department of Life Sciences Author
  • Hajar Falih Hishan Aldali University of Fallujah, College of applied science, Department of biotechnology Author
  • Ahlam Zakir Mahmoud University of Fallujah, College of applied science, Department of biotechnology Author

Keywords:

Clinacanthus nutans; subcritical water; phenolics; flavonoids; antioxidant activity; tissue comparison.

Abstract

Background: Clinacanthus nutans is recognized for extracts rich in phenolics and flavonoids, exhibiting noteworthy antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Under pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE)—a green, water-only technique—both extraction settings and the specific plant tissue significantly influence the yield and integrity of these phytochemicals.
Methods: We executed a head-to-head comparison of leaves and stems under unified PHWE screening parameters: 120 °C, 20 min, 2 g of sample in 50 mL of water, with a particle size of <63 μm. Measured outcomes included Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and DPPH radical-scavenging activity. We further assessed the robustness of the extraction across varying solvent-to-solid ratios and sample-mass ranges while maintaining constant temperature and time to ensure the reliability of the tissue-specific findings.

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Published

2026-03-10

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026)

Section

Articles

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

TISSUE-SPECIFIC RECOVERY OF PHENOLICS IN CLINACANTHUS NUTANS UNDER PRESSURIZED HOT WATER EXTRACTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEAVES VERSUS STEMS. (2026). Eureka Journal of Agricultural Science & Bio-Innovation, 2(3), 27-39. https://eurekaoa.com/index.php/7/article/view/588