SUSTAINABLE HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE USING INDUSTRIAL WASTE-BASED BINDERS: MECHANICAL, DURABILITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Abstract

The increasing demand for ecologically responsible construction materials has driven global interest in sustainable high-performance concrete (HPC). This research investigates the mechanical, durability, and environmental characteristics of HPC incorporating industrial waste-based binders such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), silica fume, and red mud. A total of twelve mix designs were developed with 20–60% cement replacement. Experimental analyses included compressive strength, split tensile strength, rapid chloride permeability (RCPT), water absorption, and microstructural evaluation. The results show that mixes with 40–60% industrial binder blends achieved 12–22% higher long-term compressive strength and 38–55% lower chloride permeability compared to conventional HPC. Carbon footprint assessment revealed up to 48% reduction in embodied CO₂. The study confirms the feasibility of industrial waste-enhanced HPC for sustainable infrastructure applications.