ADVANCED GEOPHYSICAL REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR SUSTAINABLE MINERAL EXPLORATION

Abstract

Sustainable mineral exploration requires accurate, non-invasive, and environmentally conscious methods. Recent advancements in geophysical remote sensing have significantly improved subsurface imaging, anomaly detection, and mineral target identification. This study provides a comprehensive technical review of advanced remote sensing techniques including hyperspectral imaging, magnetotellurics (MT), airborne electromagnetic (AEM) surveys, LiDAR-based structural mapping, and satellite-based thermal inertia analysis. Case studies and comparative assessments demonstrate the effectiveness of hybrid geophysical–remote sensing workflows for minimizing field disturbance, reducing exploration cost, and improving drilling precision. The findings highlight that integrated geophysical remote sensing can increase mineral prediction accuracy by up to 45%, making it a key tool for modern sustainable exploration strategies.