NANOMATERIAL-ENHANCED GEOPOLYMERS FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS: MECHANICAL, DURABILITY, AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

Abstract

The growing demand for environmentally sustainable construction materials has stimulated extensive research on geopolymers as a low-carbon alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). This study investigates the influence of nanomaterials—including nano-silica (NS), nano-alumina (NA), and nano-clay (NC)—on the mechanical, durability, and microstructural characteristics of fly ash–based geopolymers. The experimental program included compressive strength tests, water absorption, sulfate resistance, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicate that nanomaterial incorporation significantly enhances polymerization, reduces porosity, strengthens the matrix, and improves overall durability. The optimized mix containing 2% nano-silica achieved a 34% increase in compressive strength compared to the control. This research demonstrates the potential of nanomaterial-reinforced geopolymers as a sustainable and high-performance construction material for structural applications.