CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF HYPERPIGMENTATION IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY IN RELATION TO FETAL GENDER, SKIN TYPE AND MATERNAL AGE

Authors

  • Dr. Liqaa Qahtan Ismael

    M.B.Ch.B.,HDip. Family Medicine Iraqi Ministry of Health,Diyala Health Directorate, Alkhalis PHCC, Diyala, Iraq

    Author

  • Dr. Noor Shamil Azeez AL-Khafaji

    M.B.Ch.B. \ C.A.B.O.G. \ (Specialist Obstetrician and Gynaecologist), Iraqi Ministry of Health, Kirkuk Health Department, Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk, Iraq.

    Author

  • Dr. Janan Mohammed Hadee Almusawi

    M.B.Ch.B, DGO (Obs &Gyne) Iraqi Ministry of Health. Basrah Health Directorate. Retired doctor. ALfarahidi private hospital. Basrah Iraq.

    Author

  • Dr. Ali Qais Abdulkafi

    M.B.Ch.B., D.C.H. \ (Pediatrics) Iraqi Ministry of Health, Kirkuk Health Directorate, Director of the Technical Affairs Department, Kirkuk Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk, Iraq.

    Author

Keywords:
Hyperpigmentation, Maternal age , skin, gender, third trimester.
Abstract

Background Hyperpigmentation, caused by increased serum levels of MSH, oestrogen, or progesterone, is the most prevalent pregnancy symptom. Progesterone, which is a byproduct of melanin deposition into dermal and epidermal macrophages, enhances the impact of oestrogen, which in turn increases the output of melanin by the melanocytes. While hyperpigmentation can happen everywhere, it usually shows up darker in naturally darker areas, including the inner thighs, periumbilical area, areolas (sometimes called "secondary areolas"), nipples, genitalia, and axillae.

References

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Published
2026-07-27
Issue
Vol. 2 No. 7 (2026)
Section
Articles
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How to Cite

CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF HYPERPIGMENTATION IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY IN RELATION TO FETAL GENDER, SKIN TYPE AND MATERNAL AGE. (2026). Eureka Journal of Health Sciences & Medical Innovation, 2(7), 1-26. https://eurekaoa.com/index.php/5/article/view/1358

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