GRADUONYMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ADJECTIVES IN PROVERBS
Keywords:
Adjective, graduonymy, gradation, gradation series, seme, trait, antonymy, synonymy, proverb, graduonymic series.Abstract
This paper analyzes the graduonymic characteristics of adjectives used in Uzbek folk proverbs. Semantic gradation among linguistic units—specifically, the intensification or diminution of a quality based on a shared semantic feature—gives rise to the phenomenon of graduonymy. In proverbs, adjectives not only express the external or internal traits of a person but also present these traits within specific gradational relationships. The study explores the graduonymic relationships of adjectives and adjectival units through the analysis of the following proverbs: "Better to fight a leper for a goat than to argue with a fool," "When the young arrive—to work; when the old arrive—to the feast," "The hungry one is satisfied, but the greedy one is never satisfied," "Steadfastness is better than imposing stature," "The simple person’s secret is on their tongue; the sly person keeps it in their heart," and "From a thousand lazybones, a single sluggard emerged."
References
1.Ne’matov H., Rasulov R. O‘zbek tili leksikologiyasi asoslari. – Toshkent: O‘qituvchi, 1995.
2.Sayfullayeva R., Mengliyev B., Boqiyeva G., Qurbonova M., Yunusova Z., Abuzalova M. Hozirgi o‘zbek adabiy tili. – Toshkent: Fan va texnologiya, 2009.
3.Rahmatullayev Sh. O‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘ati. – Toshkent: O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi, 2006–2008.
4.O‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘ati. 5 jildlik. – Toshkent: O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi, 2020.
5.Шомақсудов Ш., Шораҳмедов Ш. Маънолар махзани. – Тошкент: Ўзбекистон миллий энциклопедияси Давлат илмий нашриёти, 2018. – 477 б.
6.Mirzayev T., Musoqulov A., Sarimsoqov B. O‘zbek xalq maqollari. – Toshkent: Sharq, 2005.
7.Qo‘ng‘urov R., Begmatov E., Tojiyev Yo. Nutq madaniyati va uslubiyat asoslari. – Toshkent: O‘qituvchi, 1992.
8.To‘xtayeva D.A. O‘zbek tilida darajalanishning yondosh hodisalarga munosabati (O‘zbek xalq maqollari misolida): Filol. fanl. fals. dokt. (PhD)… diss. – Buxoro, 2026. – B. 138.
