GEOTECHNICAL STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SOFT CLAY USING NANO-MODIFIED SOIL REINFORCEMENT

Abstract

Soft clay deposits present significant geotechnical challenges due to their high compressibility, low shear strength, and excessive settlement characteristics. Recent research has explored nanomaterials—particularly nano-silica, nano-clay, and nano-alumina—as soil reinforcement additives to enhance mechanical behavior at micro–nano scales. This study evaluates the geotechnical performance of soft clay reinforced with nano-silica (0.5%, 1%, and 2% by dry weight). Laboratory experiments included Atterberg limits, Standard Proctor compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), consolidation tests, and microstructural analysis via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results demonstrate notable improvements in shear strength, reduced compressibility, and densified particle arrangement. The findings support the feasibility of nano-modified soil reinforcement as a sustainable, low-cost alternative to traditional stabilization techniques.